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Showing posts with label Battery Charging. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Battery Charging. Show all posts

Sunday, March 29, 2015

Fixing Your Boat in Exotic Locations

By Capt. Scott Buckley

I have heard it said that the definition of "cruising" is fixing your boat in exotic location.  Well you are on a boat in exotic locations and boats break so it makes sense. 

Loosing power

In Long Island I have had to deal with bad batteries that had to be replaced. I made a lot of calls and found 3 of the big 4D batteries on Long Island.  It took a while and was a lot of work but we managed to replace all 3.  I could not find AGM batteries but had to install lead acid water filled type.  The terminals were different and the original cable would not fit but $1,300 later I was back in business.

No go.propane

In Georgetown a guy was selling a Lehr propane outboard for $300.  I bought it and found that it would overheat.  I found the thermostat did not work so I removed it and tried the motor again.  It still over heated so I changed the impeller on the cooling water pump.  Fortunately I had a spare and that did the trick. 
I usually run the propane outboard from the big tank connected by a hose.  The motors can be run from a little 1 lb tank that you could carry in case your big tank runs out.  There is no tank gauge so running out is possible even if you are paying attention.  Well I tried to connect the 1 lb tank and had a serious propane leak.  It seems the hose got very stiff after about 7 months and would over stress the swivel connection and cause a leak.  That will need to be replaced.

Can't stay in one place

In Arthur Town Cat Island when the weather got nasty the boat was pitching up and down violently at anchor and was seriously pulling at her anchor.  I connect the boat to the anchor chain with a snubber to absorb the shock load from the anchor that would be transferred to the boat directly by the chain.  When I got to Little San Salvador I noticed the splice was starting to fail.  I jerry rigged a bowline knot in the snubber and pulled the splice out.  It will have to be replaced later.  If bad weather is coming I will have to rig a secondary line so I don't loose the hook in case the knot fails.

These are a few of the things lately but all in all we have been very fortunate with the boat's operation.  Calibers are know to be very sound and Kooky Dance has certainly lived up to the that reputation.

Thursday, October 16, 2014

The Voyage Begins

The decision to go:

By Captain Scott

As stated in the last post we were waiting for weather and the delivery of some parts.  Well both arrived about mid day and while Tamera and I were running parts over to the UPS office I said we should leave today instead of tomorrow.  We could get a full day jump on the schedule and the weather immediately after a cold front can be agreeable.
Tamera and I discussed it and felt if we could complete everything we needed to by 3PM and we could push off that very day and get to our first destination in Laguna harbor.  Rush we did and we untied the lies at 3:02 PM. 

That first night:

The wind and current were with us and we sped down the Houston ship channel at 8  and 9 knots and turned into the east bound intercoastal waterway at around 6PM to head to Laguna Harbor.  We eventually found it and entered the harbor after sunset. Tamera took a selfie of us sailing down the Houston Ship channel and posted on Facebook that we were officially cruisers.
IMG_2076
Laguna Harbor was surprisingly shallow.  We were unable to get up to the sea wall due to depth and we only draw 5’.  There were a couple of 6’ shoals as we entered the harbor that caused us concern.  We discussed anchoring in the middle of the harbor.  The winds were expected to increase from the north and this generally causes the water level in the area to drop.  If the water level dropped more than a foot we make get stuck inside the harbor and unable to proceed until the water returned.
We discussed other anchorages at the Galveston Yacht Basin and out on the ship anchorages next to the jetties and all had various drawbacks.  Poor holding, no protection from the bad weather.  Then the 1st mate suggested tying off to the break water bulkhead at the Galveston Yacht Basin.  This is sometimes used as a poor man transit dock but it does have a few drawbacks.  Number one is it is the roosting site from almost all the birds in the world and with that feature has acquired a certain fragrant bouquet of smells that is very strong when passing down wind of the breakwater.  Number two is no hookup or services of any kind.  Number three is we had not asked permission to tie up and finally the breakwater is not the greatest protection or tie up option.  This does illustrate how bad things looked that first night.  Tying up to the breakwater seemed like the best alternative to us.
To get to the breakwater we had to back track in the dark to travel though the intersection of the intercoastal waterway, the Houston ship channel the Texas City ship channel, the Bolivar Peninsula ferry route and the Galveston ship channel.  I am quite sure that some memo had gone out to all the ships and barges in the area to proceed to run down any small sailboat they saw in this area on that night.  However on that night there was only one crazy couple stupid enough to leave on the spur of the moment and go sputtering around this shipping shooting gallery.  Yeah, the intrepid crew of the Kooky Dance.  I think we might have been dancing if we had not been so afraid of dying our first day out cruising.
As we approached the breakwater we were by greeted by possibly every bird in the world roosting on the breakwater to take one last dump before flying off to permanently defile some other flat surface that very night.  We got tied up and had to get on the breakwater to handle lines and adjust fenders.  I did so without thinking about putting on some shoes first.  Oh the feeling of seagull guano oozing up between your toes can only be match by the joy of grabbing a piling to find the top sopping wet with yet more seagull gooey excretions.  But the joy does not end there.  Due to the weather we had to tie up on the down wind side of the breakwater so the wind did not slam the boat into the pilings or pin the boat so that morning departure would be dangerous. With no AC we had to open the port holes and in wafted that fragrant bouquet.  Ah living the cruising dream.  Ten years we waited for this.
Well that night the wind really increased and the seas against the breakwater really built.  We knew this because the waves were slamming into the breakwater just a few feet from our heads.  We were up and down all night checking on things, adding lines (which required additional trips bare footed onto the guano slip n slid), and checking on each other to make sure we had not suffered a brain hemorrhage from high blood pressure. I recall one response in particular “ no but I am hopeful”.  I am sure in hind sight the survivor would have called the victim a coward for taking the easy way out. 

The second day

We already had a long day of passage planned to get from Laguna Harbor to Shell Island on the Texas / Louisiana state line and the back tracking over to Galveston made that distance longer by about 3 to 4 miles.  We got up at 6AM and were away from the breakwater by 6:30 and headed out in the dark.  We knew we would have some light by 7AM.  Either another memo had gone out to every vessel in the area to converge on these shipping intersections or the previous memo cover the previous night and the following morning.  Needless to say there were ships and barges and ferries to the port and more of the same to starboard.  The AIS collision alarm was set to go off at it shortest setting and was going off consistently when you passed a vessel in the ship channel. When the alarm sounded it was usually not a surprise and you would be looking a the offending vessel next to you.  Except that morning when it start going off repeatedly when no visible vessels were near.  That turns out to be a great way to get my undivided attention.  Start alarming the AIS that are in the threat of an eminent collision and you don’t see the boat that the AIS is taking about. You clear the alarm and it goes off again.  I am yelling at the darkness, “Where are you?” and my 1st mate thinks I am yelling at her and that I have finally lost my mind on our first day of cruising.  Living the dream.
Like I had said the wind had piped up pretty good so it was a choppy slog across the shipping intersections and into the ICW where we encountered ALOT of barge traffic.  As the sun rose and we had some daylight the winds were favorable for sailing.  We rolled out the genoa and motor sailed the rest of the day.  We really push Kooky Dance and she maintain an average speed of around 8 knots.   We were passing barge traffic regularly.  If you have done this you can relate to how much fun it is to do under sail in very strong windy conditions.  As the heavy barges push thru the narrow channels they create these slip streams along there sides.  The water rushes by them faster than the speed they are traveling.  When you are passing them this slip stream slows you down so passing them takes forever and your room to maneuver is limited. And if there is oncoming traffic you immediately understand that a 53 year old man can want to crap his pants because you know you are going to cause the horrible death of your crew and your boat on your fist day out cruising.
IMG_2085
We went thru High Island, Taylor Outfall Bayou, Port Arthur and finally arrived a Shell Island as the sun set.  I was sure the engine alternator was acting up so I was pouring through the manuals and Tamera made a nice spaghetti dinner.  It was a pretty nice anchorage but to be honest the previous restless night at the guano slip-n-slide and the white knuckled hard driving of the boat all day, meant our appreciation of that first anchorage when something like this. “Oh yeah nice, I going to bed.” This was our second day of cruising.
IMG_2089

The third day

Throughout the night Tamera and I would arise and check the anchor, I would check the batteries and both of us would try to relax.  We arose early and got underway a little before 6:30AM and headed for the Ellender bridge.  We had another long day of sailing and motoring to reach our next anchorage at the Mermentau River.  According to the cruisers guide the Ellender bridge operator requires a 4 hour notice and a box of chocolates in order to get the bridge to open.  Ok I made up the part about the chocolates but really -  a 4 hour notice.  There were also instructions to call the Bayou Black pontoon bridge if you could not reach them by phone.  With only 1 bar showing Tamera was able to call them and they told her call again when she got closer.  So Tamera tried to call again when we were closer (no bars) and I also tried to call the pontoon bridge on the radio but got nothing.  So then I just tried to call the Ellender bridge on VHF channel 14 and surprise surprise it worked. They opened up and we went through.  Much easier then the cruising guide lead us to believe.  We went thru the Calcasieu locks (Tamera’s first) and a couple of pontoon bridges.  We arrived at the Mermentau River anchorage a little after 4PM and I made a refreshing adult beverage for the two of us. Because we had not eaten in a while we got tipsy from one drink and recounted the previous two days events and laughed our butts off.  We laughed about the terror and the misery and how it was going to be a great story.  We had a good night and slept well.  I checked the batteries throughout the night and came to the conclusion that nothing was wrong except my understanding of how all the charging systems would work together.  With the wind and sun and engine all charging the batteries they get charge pretty quickly and go into an float charge mode after a couple of hours.  The batteries hold plenty of charge. There was a lot less to worry about and this was our third day of cruising.
IMG_2102 IMG_2101

The fourth day

Again we arose early and headed to our next destination at Delcambre LA at the marina.  It was a pretty day and we were a lot more relaxed and confident.  We made to the Delcambre marina but found out the water was too shallow however the dock master found us some alternate dockage.  We will meet with some friends in the area and rest up a couple of days here.  Top off the water tanks, take showers, wash the boat, maybe some laundry.
IMG_5840 
It is our fourth day of cruising and things are looking better and I think slowing down a little is exactly what the Doctor ordered.
We still have a long way to go to the Bahamas and I am sure plenty of stories to come.

Sunday, March 16, 2014

Feeling the Power

By the Capt.

Our cruising plans are to throw off the lines in the fall and live off the grid most of the time.  It is the only way to maintain our budget.  It will mean living more simply but we will still need to stay connected and power is a key to running the equipment that maintains and facilitates that connection.  Even if that connection is to read a book, listen to music or watch an old movie.  All of it takes power. 
 
The Caliber 40 can come with a house battery bank made up of 3 4D AGM 200 AH batteries.  That is a total capacity of 600 AH.  Because that rating is generally expected to be delivered over a 20 hour period then theoretically these batteries should be able to deliver 30 amps for 20 hours to go from 100% charge to 0% charge.  It is not recommended to discharge the batteries more than 50% as permanent loss of capacity can result.  The open circuit voltages listed below approximates the various States of Charge (SOC).
DOD (%) 1 hr. Rate 8 hr. Rate 20 hr. Rate 120 hr. Rate
10 12.23 12.62 12.65 12.79
20 12.16 12.51 12.55 12.69
30 12.07 12.39 12.42 12.55
40 11.96 12.25 12.28 12.40
50 11.83 12.11 12.13 12.22
60 11.70 11.96 11.98 12.08
70 11.55 11.79 11.81 11.90
80 11.38 11.59 11.61 11.70
90 11.15 11.32 11.34 11.43
100 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.50
Please note that these voltages are averages and will vary slightly temperature and from battery type or manufacturer to battery type or manufacturer even of the same rating. They are, however, a good indicator of state of charge for an AGM battery.  An older battery will measure a lower voltage for a given DOD.

We have four (4)  power sources to charge the batteries and supply power to all the gizmos we can't seem to live without.
  1. The shore power battery charger.
  2. The engine alternator
  3. Solar panels
  4. Wind turbine generator.
Once we are away from the dock the 1st one will not be of much use.  In fact the shore power charger is also an inverter and will become an additional load if we need 120 VAC power for anything such as charging computers, cel phones, watching a movie or running a power tool such as a drill.
 
The engine alternator is the 2nd item and is the standard 80 amp alternator.  It is not meant to be a regular charging solution as the efficiency of running a 50 HP engine to produce, at best, 1/2 HP of electrical output from the alternator.  This method of charging was not something I planned on making a regular practice unless we are steaming somewhere which I hope is normally only about 10% to 15% of the time. 
 
The solar panels on the other hand should be very efficient.  I have installed two (2) 140 watt Kyrocera polycrystalline solar panels over the cockpit awning. I got them from altEstore.  The folks their were very helpful and seemed to know a great deal more about marine applications than I expected.   The most common solar panel sizes are in the 220 to 260 watt size but their physical size (approximately 60"L X 39"W) would only allow me to mount one (1) panel.  It also would present a large surface area to wind and waves and stress whatever mounting they were secured to in rough weather.  Short story is a bit of research went into the panel selection.  The panels are electrically connected in series meaning their output voltages are additive.  Their total open circuit voltage in direct sunlight is about 44 VDC.  The panels were  connected this way to decrease the wire size required between the solar panels and the charge controller.  I would expect to get about 240 watts or 20 charging amps for about 5 hours each fully sunny day.  The panels are fix mounted so their output will quickly fall off as the sun travels away from being directly overhead.  The solar panels are strictly dependent on direct sunlight and cloud cover will cut their output to 10% to 15% of their maximum output.  I have installed a Blue Sky 3024il MPPT charger (also from altEstore) that boosts the recoverable power from a solar panel for battery charging by typically 30%.  I won't go into how the MPPT charger does this because the explanation is lengthy but I will explain why it is necessary.  12 VDC solar cells or photo voltaic cells (PV) are neat things. Unfortunately, they are not very smart. Neither are batteries - in fact batteries are downright stupid. Most PV panels are built to put out a nominal 12 VDC.  The catch is what "nominal" can mean. In fact, almost all "12 VDC" solar panels are designed to put out from 16 to 18 volts. The problem is that a nominal 12 volt battery is pretty close to an actual 12 volts - 10.5 to 12.7 volts, depending on state of charge. Under charge, most batteries want from around 13.2 to 14.4 volts to fully charge - quite a bit different than what most panels are designed to put out.  OK, so now we have this neat 140 watt solar panel. The primary problem is that the panel is rated at 140 watts at a particular voltage and current. The Kyocera KC-140 is rated at 7.9 amps at 17.7 volts. (7.9 amps times 17.7 volts = 140 watts).  If you hook the solar panels to a regular  battery charger (a rectifier) the PV voltage will drop to the battery voltage (12.7 VDC) at the same current (7.9 amp) which equals 100 watts of transferred power to the battery.  The MPPT charger tracks the maximum power point of the solar cells.  In other words the MPPT chargers will accept the 17.7 VDC @ 7.9 amps at its input and convert that power internally so it can output to the battery 12.7 VDC @ 11.2 amp. 
Specifications for the Blue Sky 3024il charge controller
SPECIFICATIONS
Solar Boost 3024iL
Output Current Rating
30 Amp @ 24 Volts / 40 Amp @ 12 Volts
Nominal Battery Voltage
12 / 24VDC
PV Input Voltage
57VDC maximum
Power Consumption
0.35W Typical standby • 1.0W Typical charge on
Charge Algorithm
3-stage Bulk/Acceptance/Float Plus Equalize
Acceptance Voltage
14.4VDC (range 14.0 – 14.8VDC, 10.0 – 40.0VDC)
Float Voltage
13.4VDC (range 13.2 – 13.8VDC, 10.0 – 40.0VDC)
Equalization Voltage
15.2VDC (range 10.0 – 40.0VDC) • automatic or manual operation
Auxiliary Output Function
Single output field configurable as either: 20 Amp load controller –or– 2 Amp auxiliary battery charger
  • Aux. Battery Charge
  • Load Control
  • Dusk to Dawn Control
  • 2 Amp typical, same charge voltage as primary battery
  • 20 Amp maximum; ON @ =12.6VDC / OFF @ =11.5VDC (Range 10.0 – 40.0VDC, or net battery amp-hours)
  • Variable Post-Dusk and Pre-Dawn timers, Range 0.5 - 20.0 Hours
Temperature Compensation
Optional temperature sensor adjusts charge voltage setpoints based on measured battery temperature, -5.00 mV/°C/cell correction factor (Range -0.00 – -8.00 mV/°C/cell) • sensor range -60 – +80°C
Power Conversion Efficiency
97% @ 28 Volt 24 Amp Output
Cabinet Dimensions
6 7/8”H x 6 5/8”W x 3 3/8”D (17.4cm x 16.8cm x 8.59cm)
Analog Input Accuracy
Range
Battery & Aux. Battery voltmeters, 40.0VDC ±0.50% FS • PV voltmeter, 60.0VDC ±0.50% FS
42.0A +/- 0.50% FS
Communication
Blue Sky Energy’s proprietary IPN Network interface
Environmental
-40 – +40°C, 10 – 90% RH non-condensing
Approvals
ETL Listed to UL STD. 1741, Certified to CAN/CSA STD. E335-1/2E, CE labeled, FCC part 15 certified
This Blue Sky MPPT charger has several standard configurations and one that supports 24 VDC solar panels that are charging a 12 VDC battery system.  The charge also supplies a 2 amp charge current for charging the engine battery once the house bank is mostly charged.  This is a bonus for an engine battery that does not get exercised that often.  I have not hook this function up yet but it is on the list.
Pictured above is the solar panel MPPT charge controller and as seen in the evening with over cast  grey skies the charge output is pretty much nothing but earlier that day this charger was putting out 11 amps of charging current.  They have only been install for about 5 days and they already have a thin coating of dust on them.  I am hoping once we are away from land this will become less of an issue.  Even a thin film of dust will decrease their output as will partial shading.  Partial shading can be a real problem for solar panels.  These Kyrocera panel come standard with diodes that prevent a shaded panel from accepting current from a non shaded panel when wired in parallel with it.  Wiring these panels in parallel would be a acceptable however I would need to increase the wire size to do so.
 
 
The last item to be covered in this post is the wind enerator.  We purchase a SunForce 600 WATT Wind Turbine Generator with MPPT controller. 

Again I did a lot of research and can't say if I have ultimately made the right choice but so far I am not disappointed.  In the marina here at Bayland there are 3 types of wind generators are represented.  The owners of each swear by their selections and only the AirBreeze owner ridicules all the other type of wind generators however his ridicule readd exactly like the sales brochures sent with the AirBreeze units.  I actually bought the same kind of wind generator as Eric the Viking       (I called him Eric the Viking because I am terrible with name and could not remember his last name) but I did not know it at the time.  Actually Eric was the most modest about his wind generator.  He said it worked pretty good and the price was reasonable.  Oddly enough that was what I found after my research.  The highest rated wind generator by far was the German made SuperWind but I just could not bring myself to shell out $2400 for the unit.  At the price I paid for the Sunforce I can replace it 3 time for the price of the SuperWind. 
The owner of the SuperWind are a great Cruising couple (Bud and Jill from SV Earendil) we met and they are quick to admit it is a pricy unit but they have no complaints after 4 years and it is pretty quiet. They have a really nice Norsemen 447 about 60 ft away at the marina.  We really enjoy when they visit.  They have given the first mate and I so much cruising advise that their is no way to repay them for it.


Anyway the installation mast and stabilizer kit was also available from SunForce however I was unable to buy directly from SunForce and had to buy it thru the evil empire (West Marine)  They had 2 in stock and eventually were able to locate one and ship it to Texas.  My good friend John Jacobs and his wife Victoria came down to help install it on Kooky Dance. It was a really good visit and very much appreciated.  I believe these friends will come to visit us in far and distant lands and I can say without hesitation that I look forward to it. 












The SunForce came with the MPPT charger.  The winds in the area we are at are generally light and variable and the wind generator needs about 20 to 25 knots to output its maximum power of 450 watts. 

The unit comes with a manual dynamic brake that electrically shorts the 3 phase turbine windings together and stops the wind turbine from turning.  It works by making the current generated by rotating the turbine and directing back into the turbine windings and creating a counter emf that drives the turbine in the opposite direction.  The harder the wind tries to the turn the turbine the harder the counter emf resists that force.  The charge controller also employ the same dynamic brake when it detects the batteries are fully charge.  I got to test the unit last weekend and when the winds gusted to 25 knots the wind generator often stopped charging by braking the turbines rotation.  It was good to see it working as advertised.